California Militia and National
Guard Unit Histories
Headquarters and Headquarters
Battery, VII Corps Artillery
(former Headquarters and Headquarters
Battery, 76th Field Artillery Brigade)
By Dan Sebby
Historian, Camp San Luis Obispo
Constituted in the National Guard on 1
September 1940 and allotted to the State of California. Headquarters
and Headquarters Battery (HHB) organized on 16 December 1940
at Santa Paula, CA.
Inducted into active Federal service at Santa Paula, assigned
to the IX Corps, and transferred to Fort Francis E. Warren, WY,
where it arrived on 1 April 1941. The following regiments were
assigned to the Brigade:
144th Field Artillery Regiment (California
National Guard)
183rd Field Artillery Regiment (Idaho
National Guard)
188th Field Artillery Regiment (North
Dakota National Guard)
One of the major activities that the brigade
participated in was the massive Fourth Army Maneuvers that were
held at the Fort Lewis - Chehalis, Washington region during the
period 15 August to 5 September 1941. After the exercise, the
brigade returned to Fort Francis E. Warren until 14 December
1941 when it was transferred to Fort Lewis.
Pre-war commanders of the brigade were:
Col. Samuel D. Hays (CA) 16 December 1940-1
May 1941
Brig. Gen. Lloyd E. Jones (R.A.) 1 May
1941-December 1941
The Brigade remained at Fort Lewis until
16 April 1943 when they began at training rotation at Camp Young
in the deserts of the California-Arizona Maneuver Area (CAMA).
While there, the Brigade was relieved from IX Corps and reassigned
to IV Corps on 15 May 1943. In June, the Brigade arrived at the
yet to be finished Camp Granite, which was also part of CAMA.
The brigade then was sent to Fort Leonard Wood, MO where they
arrived on 23 August 1943. They then staged for overseas deployment
at Camp Shanks, NY 1-21 October 1943. They departed the New York
Port of Embarkation on 21 October 1943 and arrived in England
3 November 1943.
On 14 February 1944, the 76th Field Artillery Brigade was redesignated
as VII Corps Artillery.
On 6 June 1944, HHB, VII Corps Artillery (as well as fellow former
California National Guard unit, Battery B, 980th Field Artillery
Battalion from Bakersfield) landed at Normandy. The rest of VII
Corps Artillery, including California's 980th and 981st Field
Artillery Battalions had landed at Normandy by 12 June 1944.
It should be noted that the HHB, 65th Field Artillery Brigade
at Utah National Guard, a unit formerly assigned to the 40th
Infantry Division was redesignated as V Corps Artillery and also
landed at Normandy on D-Day.
VII Corps Artillery supported units of VII Corps and moved through
Northern Europe as follows:
5 September 1944, entered Belgium.
15 September 1944, entered Germany.
1 October 1944, returned to Belgium.
1 November 1944, reentered Germany.
23 December 1944, went back to Belgium.
4 February 1945, reentered Germany again.
When the war in Europe ended, the HHB
was redeployed back to the United States and they arrived at
the Hampton Roads Port of Embarkation on 9 July 1945 where they
were moved to Camp San Luis Obispo. They arrived at the former
California National Guard training grounds on 15 July 1945. At
this time VII Corps was being considered for deployment to the
Pacific Theater as a part of Operation CORONET, the land invasion
of the Japanese island of Honshu.
Fortunately, while at Camp San Luis Obispo, the United States
dropped the Atomic Bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki and the Japanese
Empire surrendered. On 20 September 1945, the HHB was then moved
to Fort Ord where it was inactivated on 15 November 1945.
After six years of active duty, the Headquarters and Headquarters
Battery, VII Corps Artillery earned the following campaign honors:
Normandy
Northern France
Rhineland
Ardennes-Alsace
Central Europe
Units that served under VII
Corps Artillery
Headquarters and Headquarters Battery,
VII Corps Artillery
Headquarters and Headquarters Batteries,
Field Artillery Brigades and Groups:
18th Field Artillery Group
32nd Field Artillery Brigade
79th Field Artillery Group
142nd Field Artillery Group
179th Field Artillery Group
188th Field Artillery Group
205th Field Artillery Group
224th Field Artillery Group
258th Field Artillery Group
Field Artillery Battalions:
18th Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer)
58th Armored Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer) (SP)
62nd Armored Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer) (SP)
65th Armored Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer) (SP)
76th Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer)
83rd Armored Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer) (SP)
87th Armored Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer) (SP)
153rd Field Artillery Battalion (8 inch Gun)
172nd Field Artillery Battalion (4,5 inch Gun)
174th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun) (SP)
183rd Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer)
188th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer)
193rd Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer)
195th Field Artillery Battalion (8 inch Howitzer)
196th Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer)
240th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun)
258th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun) (SP)
266th Field Artillery Battalion (240mm Howitzer)
268th Field Artillery Battalion (8 inch Gun)
275th Armored Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer) (SP)
283rd Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer)
400th Armored Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer) (SP)
551st Field Artillery Battalion (240mm Howitzer)
552nd Field Artillery Battalion (240mm Howitzer)
635th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun)
660th Field Artillery Battalion (8 inch Gun)
666th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer)
690th Field Artillery Battalion (105mm Howitzer)
746th Field Artillery Battalion (8 inch Howitzer)
751st Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer)
768th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer)
951st Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer)
957th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer)
965th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Howitzer)
980th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun) (former 1st Battalion,
144th Field Artillery Regiment, CNG)
981st Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun) (former 2nd battalion,
144th Field Artillery Regiment, CNG)
987th Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun) (SP)
991st Field Artillery Battalion (155mm Gun) (SP)
Field Artillery Observation Battalions
and Batteries:
Battery B, 3rd Field Artillery Observation
Battalion
13th Field Artillery Observation Battalion
Battery A, 17th Field Artillery Observation Battalion
285th Field Artillery Observation Battalion
Acronyms:
CAMA - California-Arizona Maneuver Area
CNG - California National Guard
HHB - Headquarters and Headquarters Battery
SP - Self Propelled
Sources:
Order of Battle, US Army, 1919-1941;
Steven E. Clay, Combat Studies
Institute, US Army, 2010
Order of Battle, US Army, World War
II, Shelby Stanton, 1994